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''Cypripedium calceolus'' is a lady's-slipper orchid, and the type species of the genus ''Cypripedium''. It has a widespread distribution from Europe east through Asia from Spain to the Pacific, including almost every country in Europe plus Russia (European Russia, Siberia, and the Russian Far East), northeastern China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol), Mongolia, Korea and Rebun Island in Japan.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕〔(Altervista Flora Italiana, Yellow Lady's Slipper, ''Cypripedium calceolus'' )〕〔(Flora of China, v 25 p 杓兰 shao lan, ''Cypripedium calceolus'' )〕 It is typically is found in open woodland on moist calcareous soils. In continental Europe it is also found growing in the decomposed humus of semi-shaded woodland cover on limestone. It has declined over much of the European part of its range, and as a result is legally protected in a number of countries. In Britain, it was formerly a reasonably widespread plant across northern England, particularly the limestone area of the Yorkshire Dales.〔Endangered Plants, Jan Čeřovský (1995) ISBN 1-85778-101-5〕 By the late 20th century it had declined to just a single plant in one location in the dales.〔(Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802) at Grass Wood, North Yorkshire. ) ''Spider Recording Scheme News'' No. 56〕 While the virtual extinction of the lady's-slipper orchid from its historical range in Britain is often blamed on uprooting by gardeners and botanists, it is also the case that its preferred habitat shrank markedly with human clearance of woodland from the limestone landscape, and the grazing of sheep will have finished it off.〔Britain’s Rare Flowers, Peter Marren (1999) ISBN 0-85661-114-X〕 A reintroduction program for the lady’s-slipper orchid is in place,〔(Lady’s-Slipper Orchid ''Cypripedium calceolus'' Species Action Plan Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority )〕〔(Re-Introduction Project - Lady's-Slipper, Conservation in action, Britain's Orchids, A guide to the identification and ecology of the wild orchids of Britain and Ireland, David Lang and Natural England )〕 and has led to a population of hundreds of plants as of 2003.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Orchid Research Newsletter No. 42 )〕 The Norwegian municipality of Snåsa has a ''Cypripedium calceolus'' in its coat-of-arms. In Pavel Ivanovich Melnikov's "In the Forests", a ''znakharka'' (Russian wise woman) calls this Adam's head, Adam's grass, and Cuckoo's slippers and says it is good for every ill including driving away evil spirits. ''Cypripedium calceolus'' sensu stricto ("in the strict sense") does not occur in North America. The closely related ''Cypripedium parviflorum'' and ''C. pubescens'' are often still referred to as subspecies or varieties of ''C. calceolus''. == References == 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cypripedium calceolus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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